Concerns have been raised that the payment card (PC) format widely used in contingent valuation surveys of health treatments and risk reductions is subject to range bias. In response recent surveys have adopted an alternative random card sorting (RCS) approach - though this approach's...

The choice experiment elicitation format confronts survey respondents with repeated choice tasks. Particularly within the context of valuing pure public goods, this repetition raises two issues. First, does advanced awareness of multiple tasks influence stated preferences from the outset, and...