This article uses Aufbau Ost (or reconstruction of the East) of the new German states as a structural model to estimate the possible costs of an Aufbau Ost 2.0 of Ukraine while taking institutional differences into account. Based on three approaches, the model is validated for the new German...

Ever since the rivalry between America and China flared up during President Trump’s term in office, the question has been raised about the extent that a situation could develop in which the rivalry between established and new power could lead to a conflict that would exhaust both. The article...