This paper outlines changes that have been made in the 2019 version of the Health Equity and Financial Protection … refinements to the estimation of out-of-pocket expenditures. On the health equity side, the 2019 database includes 198 more data …

There is a wide agreement among poverty research community that conventional estimates of poverty (i.e., money …-metric measures) do not take into account out of pocket payments of health care. Significant household health spending would … overestimate total household expenditure, which results in an underestimation of poverty measured in terms of household expenditure …

Static and dynamic incidence analysis underscores the importance of Indonesia's public spending on primary health care …