In the past two decades, litigation in many U.S. states has triggered educational reform movements designed to reduce the inequalities in educational expenditures across school districts. This paper uses a panel data set across all the states from 1970-1990 to examine the role of litigation and...

The United States has traditionally financed elementary and secondary education through property taxation. In the past two decades, litigation in many states has triggered educational reform movements designed to reduce the inequalities in educational expenditures across districts inherent in a...

Public school finance equalization programs can be characterized by the change they impose on the tax price of an additional dollar of local school spending. I calculate the tax price of spending for each school district in the United States for 1972, 1982, and 1992. I find that using the actual...