Using data on 24 teachers and 982 students from a 2006 survey of California high school economics classes, we assess the effects of student and teacher characteristics on student achievement. We estimate value-added models of outcomes on multiple choice and essay exams, with matched classroom...

Using data on 24 teachers and 982 students from a 2006 survey of California high school economics classes, we assess the effects of student and teacher characteristics on student achievement. We estimate value-added models of outcomes on multiple choice and essay exams, with matched classroom...

The process of education, although essentially involves transmission of a lot of specialized information, inherently it should be rather transformative. The transformation would occur when learners are able make meaning of what they learn, to put them in more specific terms of action and to make...