This paper investigates the effectiveness of the legal exception system (Council Regulation (EC) 1/2003) by running a …

Under ex ante access regulation entrants often claim that access fees are excessive. I show that this is only the case … strictly positive access fee which may exceed the efficient level. Ex post regulation facilitates this type of collusion and …

This paper investigates the effectiveness of the new Council Regulation (EC) 1/2003 which replaces the mandatory …

Although the regulation of access to an essential upstream resource is a perennial issue for policymakers and industry … competition as well as under an open access regulation preventing a margin squeeze. In this vein and in the spirit of a more … behaviorally oriented regulation, this experimental analysis serves as a regulatory testbed, which points at possible behavioral …

do to the economy. Consequently, this paper gives an overview of the history of cartel regulation worldwide until 1931 …The regulation of cartels is not a new phenomenon, but has been part of doing business since the antiquity. The Sherman …

clues of a partial cartel. Based on the theoretical model, we argue that measures of the shape of a distribution (such as …