In the contemporary world the development of every country is based not only on the utilization of domestic factors but also, on a larger and larger scale, on external factors. The basic prerequisites for their effective use are the openness of a given economy and its competitiveness. In the...

Bis zum Beitritt der DDR zur Bundesrepublik Deutschland war der Austausch von Gütern und Dienstleistungen die wichtigste Form der wirtschaftlichen Zusammenarbeit Polens mit beiden deutschen Staaten. Intensität, Ausmaß und Struktur der Handelsbeziehungen waren jedoch im Zeitablauf sehr...

Greece has applied for membership in the European Communities on June 13, 1975, Portugal on March 28, 1977, and Spain in the same year on July 28. With the treaties signed in the meantime Greece has become the tenth member country since January 1, 1981, while Portugal and Spain have become the...