A long stream of research has documented the positive effects that patents bring about to emerging firms in high technology industries. The general consensus is that patents contribute to firm growth because they confer monopolistic market rights, offer protection from competitors, increase the...

Biotechnology firms operate in a high-risk and high-reward environment and are in a constant race to secure venture capital (VC) funds. Previous contributions to the literature show that the VC firms tend to invest locally in order to monitor their investments and to provide operating assistance...

Since settling on its mandatory labeling rules for genetically modified (GM) foods in the late 1990s, the European Commission has considered a number of times setting tolerance levels (thresholds) for the accidental presence of GM material in conventional seeds. In every case, it has opted to...

This article discusses to the evaluation of the economic sustainability of genetically modified free, "GM-free", product labeling. The rules and regulations governing the "GM-free" product label in the European Union are discussed in detail. The major question we address is whether the supply of...

Structural Changes in the Biotechnology and Seed Industrial Complex; Theory and Evidence

Where knowledge-based firms are located is important because entrepreneurship, firm creation and innovation are typically associated with regional economic development, wealth creation and increased employment. In this paper we examine where academic entrepreneurs locate their firms. We begin by...

Genetically modified (GM) crops have been largely adopted in major exporting countriesthereby representing a dominant share of a few key agricultural commodities that aretraded in international markets. Regulatory reviews and approvals for the cultivation andmarketing of GM crops, however, are...

Since their commercial introduction in 1996, genetically modified (GM)crops have been quickly adopted world wide, but some GM crops/varieties have notreceived regulatory approval for use in some importing countries, leading toasynchronicity in regulatory approvals. In this context, the...

Replaced with revised version of paper 06/12/07.