of technological competitiveness (based on innovation in products and markets) or cost competitiveness (relying on … innovation in processes and machinery) and their impact on economic performances. We propose models for the determinants of … classes that group manufacturing and services industries with distinct patterns of innovation. Tests are carried out by …

This paper introduces dynamics in the R&D to innovation and innovation to productivity relationships, which have mostly … individual effects and idiosyncratic errors correlated across equations and that differ in the way innovation enters the … Community Innovation Survey. The results provide evidence of robust unidirectional causality from innovation to productivity and …