Measurement forms the substance of econometrics. This chapter outlines the history of econometrics from a measurement … perspective - how have measurement errors been dealt with and how, from a methodological standpoint, did econometrics evolve so as … to represent theory more adequately in relation to data? The evolution is organized in terms of four phases: 'theory and …

Trygve Haavelmo's methodological manifesto "The Probability Approach in Econometrics" not only laid down the paradigm … econometrics and a profound discussion on invariance (autonomy). These subjects are well treated by various historians of … econometrics. This does not, however, apply to the problem of passive observation. It is only mentioned, if it is mentioned at all …

. -- History of econometrics …