We analyse the effect of IMF and World Bank policies on the composite index of economic freedom by Gwartney et al … World Bank credits is negative. These effects are stronger during the 1990s than in earlier periods. There is no clear …

Ten years after the initial Climate Change Convention from Rio in 1992, the developed world is likely to ratify the …

innovations. So far, the lead market concept in innovation economics has only been applied to innovations in general. We extend …-efficient passenger cars and wind energy. In both cases, one country adopted the innovation first. Later, other countries followed the … same innovation design favoured by the lead market. The lead market became a large exporter in the wind generation and car …

policy-relevant abatement scenarios and to quantify the associated economic implications across major world regions. Based on … sell emission abatement to the industrialized world. Equity rules to allocate abatement duties are mainly based on the …