An instrumental variable econometric model is specified to investigate how changes in a country’s patent protection for pharmaceutical innovations are related to patent awards from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to the country’s applicants. We use a new measure of patent protection for...

Novy-Marx (2010) finds that momentum is primarily driven by stock performance twelve to seven months prior to portfolio formation in the US market. We examine whether this finding holds in international stock markets. In particular, we investigate whether intermediate horizon past performance is...

We study the 52-week high momentum strategy in international stock markets proposed by George and Hwang [George, T., Hwang, C.Y., 2004. The 52-week high and momentum investing. Journal of Finance 59, 2145-2176.]. This strategy produces profits in 18 of the 20 markets studied, and the profits are...

We investigate whether there is a U-shaped relationship between GDP per capita and country patent protection for pharmaceuticals. Using the Pharmaceutical Intellectual Property Protection (PIPP) Index, we find no evidence of a U-shaped relationship for any of the 154 countries in our sample or...