This paper demonstrates that despite substantial transformation towards a market economy, occasions for increased state intervention will mobilize the characteristics of redistribution in party-state systems. Such state intervention occurred through the introduction of the stimulus package in...

The Roma or "Gypsies" are Europe's largest and poorest ethnic minority. Nearly 80 per cent of them live in the former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The Roma - Non-Roma educational gap, always substantial but slowly closing in the communist years, widened again after the...

We extend the benchmark model of Aghion and Blanchard (1994) assuming two segments of the emerging private sector that differ in workers' productivity. We look at the paths of employment, wages, taxes, labor costs and profits during and after the transition, up until the shock is fully absorbed....

We analyze the magnitude and the causes of the low formal employment rate of the Roma in Hungary between 1993 and 2007. The employment rate of the Roma dropped dramatically around 1990. The ethnic employment gap has been 40 percentage points for both men and women and has stayed remarkably...

Social research has long pointed to the apparent effectiveness of vocational education and training (VET) at the secondary level combining school-based vocational education with employer-provided training (so called "dual systems") in preparing non-college bound youth for the labor market. This...

The paper explores the effect of economic transition on public-private sector pay differential across the pay distribution in Hungary from 1992 until 2003. Over the time period covered by the analysis the public sector had witnessed large-scale privatisations and restructuring through a number...

Das ifo Institut und das Osteuropa-Institut haben ein Indikatorsystem entwickelt, das es erlaubt, die Fortschritte verschiedener Länder im Transformationsprozeß zu vergleichen. Die Meßmethode wurde zunächst für sechs Länder erprobt. Die größten Fortschritte wurden in allen untersuchten...

Auf den ersten Blick scheint die ostdeutsche Industrie im Innovationsbereich die Anfangsschwierigkeiten überwunden zu haben. Der Anteil der Unternehmen, die Innovationen durchführen, ist ähnlich hoch wie in Westdeutschland, und die Umsatzstruktur zeigt ein ausgeglicheneres Bild. Allerdings...

Durch das Entstehen einer Vielfalt von Betriebs- und Angebotstypen ist der Handel zum Schrittmacher für den intensiven Strukturwandel in der gesamten Wirtschaft Sachsen-Anhalts geworden. Im Durchschnitt ergab sich im Zeitraum zwischen 1992 und 1994 ein jährlicher Zuwachs der realen...