Following a couple of decades of offshoring, the fear today is of reshoring. Using administrative data on Mexican … exports by municipality, sector and destination from 2004 to 2014, this paper investigates how local labor markets in Mexico … that are more exposed to automation in the U.S. through trade fared in exports and employment outcomes. The results show …

factor. Offshoring jobs abroad may change the composition of domestic firms and employment and thus reduce union density … workers and firms in Denmark (1999-2017), which allows us to measure the exogenous threat of offshoring at the firm-level and … the unionization decisions of individual workers. The findings show that the threat of offshoring reduces unionization …