Traditionally, financial centres were held together be the need to be located in the proximity of physical exchanges. However, given the rise of information and communication technologies these quot;anchorsquot; have increasingly been lifted, with telling consequences for second-tier financial...

For more than 30 years, the world's main indices for oil prices – WTI in the US and Brent in Europe – have moved in sync. This changed dramatically in 2011, when WTI started trading at a considerable discount to Brent for almost five years. This disparity violated the “law of one price”...

Automated high frequency trading (HFT) has grown tremendously in the past twenty years and is responsible for about half of all trading activities at stock exchanges worldwide. Geography has been absolutely central to the rise of HFT due to a market design of ‘continuous trading' that allows...

This paper explores the opportunities for existing Indian IT clusters to upgrade and undertake financial research activities. Wholesale financial activity and the accompanying financial research in banks are still highly concentrated in Western financial centers. Increasing competition in the...