In this paper we analyze the connection between ecological dumping and environmental capital flight which in the literature is presented in three versions: capital flees in order to ecologically dump, firms flee and thus ecologically dump, and capital flees because governments ecologically dump....

This paper offers a critical review of the methods used to estimate the extent of capital flight and illicit financial flows from developing countries. The largest estimates in the literature are based on imperfect methods with a great margin for error. Emerging new studies have built on...

Recent estimates suggest that developing countries lose about 1 trillion US dollars each year due to illicit financial flows. This paper reviews the empirical methodology that underlies those estimates. Various critical aspects of the analytical approach are highlighted, focusing in particular...