We characterize the competitive equilibrium on the credit market when borrowers can strategically default. We assume that the audit is subject of errors of the two types and that lenders cannot commit ex-ante. We determine the penalty, the loan rate, the audit and strategic default...

In this paper, I explain why it is sensible to discount future risk free costs and benefits at a rate of 4% in the short run and of 2% in the long run. The riskiness of future cash flows must be taken into account by imputing risk premia rather than by an arbitrary increase in the discount rate....

The Stern Review introduces very interesting tools from the theory of finance into the valuation of environmental investments. Stern measures the uncertain impact of climate change on intergenerational welfare as equivalent to an immediate and permanent drop in between 5% and 20% of aggregate...

In this paper, we describe the determinants of the socially efficient discount rate for the distant future. We provide various arguments in favour of a decreasing term structure. They are based on a precautionary argument given the rapid accumulation oif uncertainties affecting the future growth...

Our path of economic development has generated a growing list of environmental problems including the disposal of nuclear waste, exhaustion of natural resources, loss of biodiversity, climate change, and polluted land, air, and water. All these environmental problems raise the crucial challenge...