European Union countries (Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania) and which entertains migration relations with a number of … are additionally based on traditional migration patterns and network relations in states such as Germany, Poland, Hungary …

should be directed towards emigration. Using a new dataset on migration flows by education levels for the period 1990 … natives, ranging from zero in Italy to +1.7 percent in Australia. Second, emigration had a mild to significant negative long … improved the income distribution of European countries while emigration worsened it by increasing the wage gap between the high …