-called Bretton Woods II international monetary system; 2) the reduction of US real investment return compared with competing … long run coexistence between the present model of global development and current international monetary system. …

This paper analyses the architecture of the international monetary system which preceded the international gold …, substitutability of money market instruments, choice of the correct monetary standard reference, and currency liquidity are tested … point to a trend towards increasing multipolarism in the international monetary system before 1870. …

international reserve currency. Drawing on econometric estimations, we extrapolate the evolution of the shares in international …This paper analyses the architecture of the International Monetary System (IMS) and the role of reserve currencies in … and the possibility of a currency war taking place as a result of the reportedly excessive undervaluation of the renminbi …

on trade, but also because of its heavy reliance on the US dollar for regional and international transactions. As Asia … bilateral currency transactions compared with triangular transactions through the United States dollar. As most central banks … system could be a practical solution to international monetary system reform and the diversification of settlement currencies. …

Despite the increasing recognition that the renminbi (RMB) may eventually become a key global currency, several … important questions remain to be answered. This paper analyzes the benefits and costs of the RMB becoming an international … currency. The benefits include reduced exchange risk, promotion of the development of the financial market, and expansion of …

, but also because of its heavy reliance on the US dollar for regional and international transactions. As Asia’s role in the … existence of appropriate financial infrastructure could reduce the relatively larger costs of bilateral currency transactions … and appending a government bond payment and securities settlement system could be a practical solution to international …

de France’s sixth International symposium, which brought together a panel of high-level speakers. William R. White …