, despite well-known deficiencies. This paper develops and applies optimal aggregators for the real-world case of multiple …

This paper investigates the link between globalization, operationalized as openness to trade, and the welfare state …, defined as social spending, in a panel of 21 countries from 1920 to 2000. It argues for a clear definition of globalization … welfare program since the effect of globalization is probably not uniform. The paper finds notable divergences in openness and …

integrated into the world economy, firms and individual entrepreneurs are induced to engage in the formal sector so as to reap …