Various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were adopted by countries worldwide to contain the transmission of COVID-19. But their implementation raises a debate on the effectiveness of these mitigation measures. Studying 13 types of NPIs with the daily data of 185 countries from January to...

Næs, Skjeltorp, and Ødegaard (2011) provide empirical evidence that stock market liquidity contains leading information about future economic activity. Their result suggests a rebalancing of small, increasingly illiquid to large stocks in recession times, an expression of...

We analyze the impact of funding costs and margin requirements on prices of index options traded on the CBOE. We propose a model that gives upper and lower bounds for option prices in the absence of arbitrage in an incomplete market with differential borrowing and lending rates. We show that...