Price-dependent loan agreements at low interest rates have sometimes been included in North American hog sector long-term marketing contracts. We show that a general form of this stipulation can be viewed as a hybrid between a forward rate agreement and a bundle of commodity spot options. In...

Suppose that spot and futures prices are generated from an error‐correction model. This note demonstrates that, although the OLS model is misspecified, it provides a hedge ratio that usually outperforms the hedge ratio derived from the correct error‐correction model. The opposite result is...

This article considers optimal futures hedging decisions when the hedger is disappointment‐averse (Gul, 1991). When the futures contract is a perfect hedge instrument, a disappointment‐averse hedger always holds a position closer to the full hedge than a nondisappointment‐averse hedger. In...

Although quadratic and exponential utility functions both lead to mean‐variance expected utility analysis, this study demonstrates that the two approaches produce different optimal futures hedging decisions. Specifically, the deviation between the optimal production level and the optimal...

In recent years, the error‐correction model without lags has been used in estimating the minimum‐variance hedge ratio. This article proposes the use of the same error‐correction model, but with lags in spot and futures returns in estimating the hedge ratio. In choosing the lag structure,...

Assuming portfolio returns are normally distributed, it is shown that both Sortino ratio (SR) and upside potential ratio (UPR) are monotonically increasing functions of the Sharpe ratio. As a result, all three risk‐adjusted performance measures provide identical ranking among investment...