We analyze an oligopolistic competition with differentiated products and qualities. The quality of a product is not known to consumers. Each firm can make an imperfect disclosure of its product quality before engaging in price-signaling competition. There are two regimes for separating...

We extend Train (2015) to explicitly allow the product attributes and price to differ conditional on whether a firm acts to induce a difference between anticipated and experienced attributes. This allows the firm to change price for a good depending on the context. Unlike in the base model,...

Multi-level marketing (MLM) presents a challenging informational environment for participants. MLMs offer participants the right to sell a product with the recursive right to recruit new participants.In addition to typical business opportunity challenges of assessing retail demand, individuals...