Do city governments generally behave in keeping with the assumptions underlying the incremental model when they allocate their resources among competing activities? That is to say, do they try to maintain everyone's historical “fair share” of the budget in order to minimize disputes among...

Purpose – This article aims to summarize several studies about how businesses currently practice budgeting in Western and Central Europe. While analyzing these studies in the larger context of the ongoing debate about budgeting's importance, it provides conceptual linkages between them and...

Balanced scorecards are having a major impact on executives’ strategic decision making by encouraging their use of future‐oriented, non‐monetary success indicators. This article explains how to create a balanced scorecard with a reasonable number of indicators, set appropriate benchmarks...

Purpose – To report how an SME developed strategic and operational balanced scorecards (BSCs) as well as benchmarks for use in e‐commerce. Design/methodology/approach – The report begins with the initial management meeting, in which participants set goals for the firm, specified causal...

The euro’s introduction initially confronts a firm with a currency changeover problem affecting its accounting and reporting systems. The company’s controller can solve this initial problem by means of an electronic data processing project. For the project’s duration, it is crucial to...