We experimentally investigate whether third-party punishment is more effective than second-party punishment to increase … public goods contribution. In our experiment, third parties first played the standard public goods game and then made … punishment decisions as independent bystanders. We find that third parties punished more frequently, severely, and less …

engage in punishment. Analyzing the interplay between types in an additional experiment, we show that pro-social punishers … punishment as well as their relative importance for mitigating social dilemmas. Using a novel strategy-method approach we … identify individual punishment patterns and link them with individual cooperation patterns. Classifying N = 628 subjects along …