penalty for male workers in six European countries (i.e. Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and the UK). Findings show …, to 28 per cent in Denmark and Italy, to 67 per cent in the UK and to 149 per cent in Ireland. Human capital differences … of the gap remains unexplained by differences in observed characteristics (except in Italy). Overall, results suggest …

penalty for male workers in six European countries (i.e., Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and the UK). Findings show … 28 percent in Denmark and Italy, to 67 percent in the UK and to 149 percent in Ireland. Human capital differences explain … remains unexplained by differences in observed characteristics (except in Italy). Overall, results suggest that policy …