This paper explores the impact of Spanish language proficiency on immigrant earnings in Spain using an instrumental … distribution. The return to destination language proficiency actually ranges from zero at the bottom quantiles to 30% at the top … quantile of the earning distribution. These findings suggest that the benefits derived from host language knowledge are …

Past studies have established a sizable wage premium for immigrants who learn the language of their destination country …. However, these measurements are usually based on self-reported ordinal measures of spoken language fluency, which are … robust latent trait measures of language fluency using well-established psychometric methods, and re-evaluates the evidence …

This study is the first empirical analysis to identify the causal effect of a separate preparatory language learning … preparatory classes with a focus on language learning. …

In many transition countries, the collapse of communism ushered in language reforms to adapt to the newfound …’ economic opportunities, since foreign language proficiency may enhance or signal productivity in the labor market. Recent … empirical evidence documents positive labor market returns to English language skills in transition countries. However, Russian …