The United States witnessed substantial growth in manufacturing and urban populations during the last half of the nineteenth century. To date, no convincing evidence has been presented to explain the shift in population to urban areas. We find evidence that capital intensity, particularly new...

In the 1970s motion picture studios increased their use of blind bidding and non-refundable guarantees in an attempt to reduce the risks associated with producing a small number of large budget films. However, theater owners claimed that blind bidding and guarantees shifted risk to them and...

This article argues that the use of membership fees at shared facilities, such as private golf courses, is not per se evidence of inefficient pricing as implied by the club theory literature on variable usage. The author reconciles the inconsistency between the predictions of existing models and...