We define and construct 'integration' for a large sample of 2287 US banks-measured by their level of exposure to common factors-during the period 1993-2019. Integration among US banks shows a steady increase and displays significantly high peaks during episodes of market distress such as the...

We define and measure integration among a sample of 357 US banks over 25 years from 1993 to 2017 and show that the median US bank's integration has increased significantly post-2005. During the great recession and the Eurozone crisis, integration levels among US banks display a significant rise...

We study integration among a large sample of 1109 US banks over a quarter-century from 1990–2014. We define a bank's level of integration (measured in percentages) as the degree of dependence of its stock returns on common national banking factors. We show that the median US bank's integration...