In this paper, I explain Thünens pioneering work on industrial agglomeration. In my opinion, Thünens thinking on industrial agglomeration was not only amazingly advanced for his time, but in many respects remains novel even today. It is shown that if we unify Thünens well-known theory on...

The standard approach to studying industrial agglomeration is to construct summary measures of the degree of agglomerationʺ within each industry and to test for significant agglomeration with respect to some appropriate reference measures. But such summary measures often fail to distinguish...

This paper proposes a simple method measuring spatial robustness of estimated coefficients and considers the role of administrative districts and regions' size. The procedure, dubbed "Grid and Shake", offers a solution for a practical empirical issue, when one compares a variables of interest...