International Monetary Fund is an international organization within the United Nations created by the Monetary and Financial Conference in 1944, the Bretton Woods United States, to facilitate exchange and financial cooperation between the member countries. IMF meets some financial functions,...

The global economy has built a tangled and tortuous financial system model at a pace arduous to manage. After the financial crisis which was widely recognized in 2008, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) made several attempts to create an effective financial system. However, the organization...

Episodes of sovereign default are typically associated with significant economic costs. The International Monetary Fund can help to mitigate these costs in a variety of ways, including by lending into arrears. Careful design of the broad policy framework governing the Fund's involvement can help...

The role of the Official Sector institutions as lenders in crisis situations has evolved over time, and, particularly in the context of the current euro area debt crisis, into something akin to a lender of last resort. Institutions like the International Monetary Fund regularly provide...

Between December 1994 and March 1999, Mexico, Thailand, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Russia and Brazil experienced major financial crises which were associated with massive recessions and extreme movements of exchange rates. Similar crises have threatened Turkey and Argentina (2000 and 2001) and...