by an intersectional perspective, we consider overlapping effects across gender, race, and wage levels. We exploit Brazil …

by the trade liberalization process implemented in Brazil between 1990 and 1995. This high impact and low duration event … and 2018 presidential elections in Brazil, which resulted in the election of a left-wing and a rightwing populist … president, respectively. The results show that trade reforms explain the rise of populism in Brazil during the last two decades …

Brazil as a natural experiment generating exogenous shocks to local economies. We document that regions exposed to larger …

trade liberalization in Brazil, which created exogenous negative labor market shocks to regions most exposed to foreign … competition. While trade liberalization had a positive impact on reducing the price of consumer goods in Brazil, it also …

drives low-productivity firms from the small country's home market, replacing them with high-productivity exporters from … abroad. This endogenous policy response creates a selection effect that increases the average productivity of home firms when …