The idea of proportional representation has been circulating for over two hundred years and is widely practiced, among other, in post-war Europe. The primary focus is to allow smaller parties, minorities and other disenfranchised groups in society systematic representation in the national...

Does public expenditure growth stimulate income or is it the increase in provincial income which causes government spending to rise? Recent studies have shown that, at the national level, total public spending and national income are mutually dependent on each other in the causal sense. This...

In this article, the authors show that a wage tax, which neither alters the relative price of current versus future consumption nor distorts the relative expected return (vis-à-vis the cost) to investing in human capital, leads to biases at both these margins. The authors find that the common...

This paper provides an analysis of the utilisation of formal health care and out-ofpocket (OOP) payments in rural areas of Bangladesh. The broader focus of the investigation is to gauge how far Bangladesh has to traverse to achieve universal health coverage (UHC). We used the data from the...

This paper analyses inequity in formal health care use in rural Bangladesh using data from a survey conducted of 4010 households drawn from 120 villages. We find that the use of formal health care is incredibly low (40 per cent); about two‐thirds of which is private health care, and only...