In this article, we propose to view the firm as a locus of socialization in which employees with heterogeneous work attitudes can be motivated and coordinated through adherence to a social ideal of effort. We develop an agency model in which employees have both a personal and a social ideal of...

In this study, the impact of capital structure on firms’ ownership structure is examined. Therefore, manufacturing firms whose stocks are quoted on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) over the period 1998 and 2009 are covered using pooled data. On the developed model, it was investigated how...

This article studies how a firm fosters formal and informal interaction among its employees to create a collective identity and positively influence their effort. We develop an agency model, in which employees have both a personal and a social ideal for effort. The firm does not observe the...

We explore how powerful CEOs manage the tax aggressiveness (TAG) of their firms. The agency view suggests that CEOs invest in TAG to enhance their own private benefits. On the contrary, the stream of corporate social responsibility theories argues that CEOs avoid investment in TAG as, although a...

Performance contract (PC) is a negotiated agreement, arrived at after a meeting of minds, between a government and a respective ministry, department, agency or a public officer, clearly specifying short-term implementation goals, obligations and responsibilities between the two parties (GOK,...