The freight rate is a representative variable in the shipping market and is characterized by a cyclical relationship. Even though downturns in the shipping market, such as the shipping industry recession in the 1980s, the global financial crisis in 2008 and COVID-19 crisis in 2020, recur, few...

The BDI is a barometer of maritime trade, and the shipping trade network may graphically reflect trade pattern evolution. Because commerce influences freight prices, it is worthwhile to consider the influence of maritime network characteristics on freight rates. To begin, this article constructs...

This paper investigates the nature of seasonality (determistic and/or stochastic) in dry bulk breight rates, and measures and compares it across freight rates of different vessel sizes (Carpesize, Panamax and Handysize), contract duration (spot, 1-year and 3-year time charters) and market...