If rating agencies add no new information to markets, their actions are not a public policy concern. But as rating changes may be anticipated, testing whether ratings add value is not straightforward. This paper argues that ratings and spreads are both noisy signals of fundamentals and suggest...

We give semiparametric identification and estimation results for econometric models with a regressor that is endogenous, bound censored and selected, called a Tobin regressor. First, we show that true parameter value is set identified and characterize the identification sets. Second, we propose...