household and thus yield a biased assessment of individual poverty and poverty by age or gender. In this paper we first show … household-based measure. Similarly, the age differentials in poverty are much larger using the individual-based measure. Using a …Income-based as well as most existing multidimensional poverty indices (MPI) assume equal distribution within the …

Anti-poverty policies often aim to reach poor individuals by targeting poor households. However, intra-household … individual-level poverty rates that account for intra-household inequality. We show that women, children, and the elderly face … undernourished individuals are spread across the household per-capita expenditure distribution. We then quantify the extent of food …

.Widowhood poverty is no greater than that overall,but the picture changes dramatically if we allow economies of household size …This study investigates on Pakistani and South African data gender issues in household behavior.A test for gender bias …

household debt and wealth accumulation for poor households but a significantly positive relationship for wealthy households …

methods of measuring household welfare (and, accordingly, poverty and inequality) based on expenditures have not considered … these changes. First, we present theory showing significant mismeasurement of welfare for households who can shift into … remote work during the pandemic. We then propose methods to impute transportation cost equivalents for household expenditure …