Examines over the period from 1975 to 2000 the attitudes of Finnish consumers toward the products and associated marketing practices of Japan in comparison to those the United States. Concludes that, although there are significant differences between the attitudes of consumers toward the...

Presents a longitudinal study examining the attitudes of consumers toward the products and associated marketing practices of England, France, Germany and the USA. Covers the period from 1975‐2000. Concludes that there is a significant difference in the attitudes of consumers with regard to the...

The past two decades have been characterized as a time of merger mania. Unprecedented numbers of consolidations have occurred. Paradoxically these mergers have typically failed to achieve the targeted results. From a general point of view, the financial track record of recent mergers is, in...

This article focuses on a paradigm of ten key steps for successful decision making in export marketing for the European business firm. These ten steps are: analyze market opportunity; assess product potential; establish market entry mode; make a firm commitment; allocate necessary resources;...

Purpose – The basis of global business operations in the twenty‐first century is knowledge. The Hindu scriptural reference, the Bhagavad Gita , interpreted as “Celestial Song” or “Song of God,” is quickly becoming a critical resource in this relatively new paradigm. This paper aims...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the key contemporary paradigms of management and leadership based upon an evolving linguistic analysis that is rich in the development of these concepts. Following this examination, the justification of the perspective of managerial leadership...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a consumer‐oriented model of the market offering (marketing mix) whereby business practitioners, as well as academic scholars and students, can better understand the parallel‐based logic of how the four elements of a market offering are...

Purpose – The purpose of this treatise is to present an analysis of the importance of positive transformational crisis management. The analysis relates to the difficulty now being faced by Nokia, historically the world's leading manufacturer of technologically advanced mobile phones, of...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of crisis management within the Toyota Corporation's series of worldwide recalls for multiple malfunctions on a number of different Toyota brands of vehicles. The analysis relates to the difficulty now faced by Toyota, previously...

Purpose – Socioeconomic stress has been a major influence on organizational development during the past decade, and will continue for the foreseeable future. This treatise aims to focus on The Key and its importance for effective organizational development via leadership responses to...