Although much has been written about RPM and Exclusive Dealing, acting alone, scant attention has been paid to the welfare outcome when the 2 restraints are imposed together. The article examines 2 such cases. Salton's George Foreman Contact Grills and ordinary incandescent light bulbs. It shows...

In a recent working paper, Damien Geradin & Caio Marioda Silva Pereira Neto argue that the Brazilian competition system would greatly benefit from the adoption of guidelines like the European Commission Guidance Paper, which offers a legal and economic methodology to implement an...

This article examines the meaning and scope of the notion of anticompetitive effects in EU competition law. It does so by bringing together several strands of the case law (and this across all provisions, namely Articles 101 and 102 TFEU and merger control). The analysis is structured around a...

This paper aims to answer the question whether the current (EU) antitrust law is well-equipped to deal with explicit collusion by pricing algorithms that act independently from the companies using them. The paper unfolds in three main parts: first, it outlines the exact circumstances of the...

This short paper summarizes the main findings of a comprehensive study the authors conducted on the way “vertical restraints” adopted by dominant firms (with a focus on exclusive dealing, rebates and discounts and tying) have been treated by enforcement agencies and courts in the European...

Algorithms are increasingly employed by businesses as an integral part of their business models given the availability of big data and breakthroughs in artificial intelligence technology and application. While the competition landscape has shifted to a digital environment, questions have been...

Over the last thirty years the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice have challenged dozens of physician cartels, networks, and other arrangements that they alleged constituted price fixing or other restraints of trade under the antitrust laws. In addition, the antitrust...

Distribution cartels in the automotive sector used to be frequently dismantled and sanctioned by the European Commission and the EU Courts still some 15 years ago. In recent years, however, only a few cases have been reported at the national level of EU Member States. Is it because the...

This essay is divided into several sections:1. The first is theintroduction.2. In the second, we examine the empirical evidence of predatory conduct. We examine how major airlines behave in three scenarios: (1) major airline vs. major airline; (2) major airline vs. Southwest Airlines; and (3)...