This paper proposes a new model of market structure determination. It demonstrates that market structure need not be the result of ideology, political power, collusion among producers or the nature of the technology. In our setting, it is determined by bureaucrats who maximize their share of the...

Information on the primal and dual productivity measure is used to estimate industry mark-ups for 4-digit U.S. manufacturing industries. Investigating the relationship between these estimates and various industry characteristics as well as their cyclical intensive industries with high growth...