. Previous studies of efficiency of the English and Welsh water and sewerage industry take a static framework, assuming all … inputs can be adjusted instantaneously. This paper measures efficiency dynamically by incorporating intertemporal links of …

, we decompose productivity growth into technical efficiency and technological change. The results indicate that annual … productivity growth averaged 1.04 percent across all utilities and was largely attributable to efficiency gain, roughly equally … split between pure technical efficiency and gains from scale. As in many other highly regulated Australian industries …