This paper investigates the empirical performance of a cash-in-advance model of money demand in which the income velocity of money may be nonstationary. Generalized method of moments is used to estimate parameters from first-order conditions but, unlike much of the existing empirical work on...

Uncertainty about how the economy will evolve is a key concern for households and firms. People’s views on how likely it is that the economy will be growing, stagnating, or in recession help shape the actions they take today. Consequently, how households and firms respond to uncertainty has...