Using data for 22 economies in Eastern and Western Europe, we find evidence that having studied under communism is relatively penalized in the economies of the late 2000s. This evidence, however, is limited to males and to primary and secondary education, and holds for eight CEE economies but...

We use book translations as a new measure of international idea flows and study the effects of Communism's collapse in Eastern Europe on these flows. Using novel data on 800,000 translations, we show that while translations between Communist languages decreased by two thirds with the collapse,...

Nach dem November 1918 wurde die Kommune-Theorie in verschiedenen Varianten auf die konkrete politische Situation in Berlin übertragen. Wo die Räte einen Platz zwischen den kommunalen Gremien in Groß-Berlin einnahmen, wurden sie in den kommunalen Verwaltungsapparat eingebaut zur Erweiterung...