In September 2022, the diffusion indices of wages and of the order-book level looked quite optimistic – 54% and 53% correspondingly. The diffusion index of output decreased by 11 percentage points, but this year this indicator is particularly unstable. The diffusion indices of the expected in...

The book aims at perfecting the national governance system and improving national governance ability. It evaluates the balance sheets of the state and residents, non-financial corporations, financial institutions and the central bank, the central government, local government and external sectors...

With the goal of perfecting the national governance system and raising the country’s governance capability, this book systematically analyzes the characteristics and trajectory of China’s economic expansion and structural adjustment, while also assessing a variety of short-term debt and...

In August 2021, the share of enterprises that reported that prices for purchased products rose again became very large (81%). This provoked an increase in the corresponding diffusion index, which for the fourth time per year reached 90% – the maximum value for the past 6 years. For the rest of...