This paper develops a unified framework for fixed and random effects estimation of higher-order spatial autoregressive panel data models with spatial autoregressive disturbances and heteroskedasticity of unknown form in the idiosyncratic error component. We derive the moment conditions and...

We present a model that describes the labor supply decision of individuals under transaction costs and job-related amenities. The model indicates that individuals will respond to regional differences in wages net of transaction costs and accept higher jobamenities as compensation for low wages....

Over the last decades there has been a sizeable increase in trade and financial openness, triggered by current and capital account liberalization as well as improvements in transport and communication technologies. As a consequence, the importance of spillover effects is likely to have increased...