A large number of characterizations of univariate exponential distributions are known; these often lead to a functional equation, relatively few of which have been extended to the multivariate case. This paper is an exposition of multivariate extensions and relatives of the functional equation...

In several classic papers, Pólya and Eggenberger used urn models to generate distributions that could be used to model contagion processes. Three bivariate versions are investigated together with their limiting distributions. In this way a large class of bivariate distributions (beta, Pareto,...

From the inception of the proportional representation movement it has been an issue whether larger parties are favored at the expense of smaller parties in one apportionment of seats as compared to another apportionment. A number of methods have been proposed and are used in countries with a...