This paper studies the recent developments of harmonization measures in the area of free movement of goods, establishments, services and the recognition of professional qualifications at the European Union (EU) level, regarding the principle of mutual recognition. The new harmonization measures...

This paper examines the impact of one transmission channel for the economic effects of a shift from offline to online consumption: cross-border trade costs. We use data on cross-border e-commerce between EU Member States to estimate the implied cross-border trade cost reduction when consumers...