Developing economies often impose restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI). In recent years many developing economies liberalize external trade as well as FDI inflows. The economists have neglected the importance of government policies on economic performance until recently. This paper...

Conventional measures of the risk of a financial asset make use of the unobserved (conditional) variance or standard deviation of its return. In this paper, we treat the observed absolute return as a measure of risk and explore its forecastability. Two simple models are considered. One is a new...

The pedagogical value of graphical representations and analyses (GR and GA) in economics education is examined in a framework of top-down and bottom-up processes of thinking. We argue, with the support of two illustrative examples, that they are useful to the extent that they provide bridges...

This paper develops an empirical framework to determine if the Asian currency crisis was contagious, and if so, whether the contagion was warranted or unwarranted. By applying a monetary-portfolio model to monthly data for 1991-1998, our results show that short-run variations in exchange rates...

Most economic models in essence specify the mean of some explained variables, conditional on a number of explanatory variables. Since the publication of White’s (1982) Econometrica paper, a vast literature has been devoted to the quasi- or pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE or PMLE)....

Macroeconomic or financial data are often modelled with cointegration and GARCH (Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity). Noticeable examples include those studies of price discovery in which stock prices of the same underlying asset are cointegrated and they exhibit...