An important question is whether VAT exemption of financial services is a desirable property or whether it is justified only due to practical and administrative necessity. This paper singles out a number of financial services for discussion of this issue in a context allowing for other taxes and...

Should we exempt the services of insurance companies from VAT? Addressing this issue, the paper distinguishes between insurance against a general loss of resources and a loss of a specific commodity (property insurance). There is a case for exempting the former kind of insurance, but not the...

The paper analyses commodity taxation in an economy where a good can be recycled. Consumers deliver units of a used good to a reuse operator, who sells the good in a second-hand market after some processing. Two regimes are considered. One is a pure market setting where the reuse operator pays...