This paper changes the current view of tariff. It advocates taxing the exporters, rather than the importers. The new theory is based on the symmetry theorem developed earlier by Lerner. Taxing the exporters has all the same effects as taxing the importers with tariff, except that the former...

Imposing a tariff on imports of petroleum has two major effects that encourage conflicting public-policy responses. One effect is the well-documented welfare loss suffered by the domestic economy as a result of the tariff's distortional effects. The other effect is the potentially positive...

Direct empirical evidence on whether domestic consumers or foreign exporters bear the burden of a country's import duties is scarce. This paper examines the incidence of U.S. sugar duties using a unique set of high-frequency (weekly, and sometimes daily) data on the landed and the duty-inclusive...

This paper derives all the formulae of interest in autarky, free trade, and after an import tariff imposed by a large country in terms of competitive three adjustment weights based on market inverse demand and domestic inverse supply and the ratio of inverse supplies slopes. It also offers...

According to the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA), all agricultural non-tariff trade barriers should be converted into equivalent tariffs and further, reduced over time. However each member country has the authority to choose the tariff types when it converts NTBs to tariffs such as...

This paper disproves the optimal tariff theory. Any tariff or subsidy changes only the relative price, not the offer curve. Its tariff-affected terms-of-trade is actually an export-subsidy policy. This paper confirms that free trade is indeed universally beneficial

Using perfectly competitive, general equilibrium models of international trade, specific import tariffs, specific export taxes, and ad valorem trade taxes are compared in a trade war. A trade war is modelled as a NE in trade policies, where each country can choose to use ad valorem trade taxes...